The Pondicherry Shark (Carcharhinus hemiodon)
Found: Indian Ocean - from Gulf of Oman to Pakistan, India and possibly Sri Lanka. In scattered localities spanning India to New Guinea. Has also been recorded at the mouth of the Hooghly river
Threats: Large, expanding, and unregulated commercial fisheries in inshore localities and habitats. It is probably caught as bycatch, although market surveys have failed to record it.
Ganges Shark (Glyphis gangeticus)
Found: It occurs in India and possibly in Pakistan. The Ganga river system and Hooghly river mouth are its known habitats.
Threats: Major fisheries targeting sharks. Other probable threats include overfishing, pollution, increasing river use and construction of dams and barrages. A few jaws of the species were found to have been traded in the international market during recent years, which testifies that the species is not extinct.
Knife-tooth Sawfish (Anoxypristis cuspidata)
Found: Widespread in western part of the Indo-Pacific region, including Red Sea.
Threats: The principal threat to all sawfish are fisheries (targeted, bycatch, commercial and subsistence). Their long tooth-studded saw, makes them extraordinarily vulnerable to entanglement in any sort of net gear, including primitive fishing contraptions. When sawfish are caught in by catch, they often end up being traded because of the very high value of their products (meat is high quality and fins and saws extremely valuable in international trade).
Large-tooth Sawfish (Pristis microdon)
Found: Western part of the Indo-Pacific (East Africa to New Guinea, Philippines and Vietnam to Australia). In India, it is known to enter the Mahanadi river, up to 64 km inland, and also is very common in the estuaries of the Ganga and Brahmaputra.
Threats: Same as that for the Knife-tooth Sawfish. There is also an increasing demand for sawfish in aquaria. Major habitat changes include construction of dams over rivers, siltation,
Long-comb Sawfish or Narrow-snout Sawfish (Pristis zijsron)
Found: Indo-Pacific region including Australia, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia and Malaysia.
Threats: This species has been damaged intensively, both as a target species and as incidental bycatch in commercial, sport or shark-control net fisheries, as well as for aquarium display. As a result, it has become severely depleted in recent decades, and now appears to have been extirpated from many parts of its range.
Other Critically Endangered Species of India
birds mammals reptiles
amphibians
fish coral
spiders
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